Adoption is termed the legal act of permanently placing a child of any age with a parent or parents who were not the birth parents. Adoption is considered the severing of the parental rights and responsibilities of the actual biological parents and the placing of those responsibilities and rights onto the adoptive parents. Many children, no matter their ages, are placed for adoption as a result of the true biological parents' acknowlegement that they are not able to take even adequate care of their baby or older child. Some percentage of biological parents forcibly lose their parental rights and their child is placed into foster care as they were abused or abandoned. The physical incapability to biologically have a child is a standard reason given for adopting. A desire to adopt can also stem from the lack of a mate or prefering not to use a sperm donor or surrogate. Unmarried people and same sex partners typically adopt because of this reason. Processes for becoming a legal adoptive parent can vary from one country to another. Normally when going to adopt, the potential adoptive parents will be evaluated for appropriate suitability.

Adopting from outside one's country commonly are more expensive and oftentimes incur more fees, including the adoptive parents being required to go to the source nation. US citizens represent most of the international adoptive parents. Many more developed countries have fairly well established procedures and rules for out of country adopters to fulfil, while some don't. Adoption policies and procedures for each nation vary widely.Any conditions needed to start the process of international adoption also can differ widely, depending on the country of the adopters. In the United States, as a general rule, generally the 1st rung in the process is to find an agency or facilitator to work with. Every adoption agency or facilitator works with a different set of countries, although just some put their focus on a single country.

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