Adoption by law means permanently placing a baby, toddler or older child with one or both parents other than the actual biological parents. Adoption means the severing of the parental rights and responsibilities of the biological parents and placing those responsibilities and rights onto the adopters. Many children are placed for adoption because of the actual biological parents' decision that they are not able to adequately take care of their infant or child. A number of true birth parents forcibly are stripped of their parental rights and their children are placed in foster care as they were abused, abandoned or neglected. The physical inability to reproduce and have a biological child is a frequent motive given for adopting. A desire to adopt can also stem from the lack of a spouse or partner or a lack of desire to use a surrogate or sperm donor. Unmarried people and same sex partners regularly adopt because of this. Processes for legally adopting deviate from one country to another. Typically when filling out an application to adopt, all prospective adopters will be assessed for suitability and appropriateness.

International adoptions typically are more expensive and also very frequently incur further costs, such as the adoptive parents having to go to the source country. U.S. citizens represent the majority of international adoptive parents. Many countries have reasonably well founded rules and procedures for foreign adopters to cope with, while others don't. Adoption policies for each country can differ widely.The requirements necessary to start the process of adopting outside the country also differ widely, depending on the nation of the adopters. In the U.S., as an example, generally the initial stage in the process is to choose an facilitator or agency to work with. Each agency or facilitator works with a different set of countries, although a few place their focus on a lone nation.

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